Preposition and Types of Prepositions in hindi

What is the preposition ?

A word or phrase that is used before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, direction, etc.

There are three types of prepositions

1. Simple.
2. Compound.
3. Phrase preposition.

Simple and compound preposition's examples.

IN, AT, INTO, TO, ON, UPON, BY, WITH, OF, OFF, FROM, SINCE, FOR, AFTER, BEHIND, TOWARDS, OVER, ABOVE, BETWEEN, AMONG, AMONGST, WITHIN, BEFORE, BESIDES, BESIDE, TILL, BELOW, BENEATH, UNDER, ACROSS, UP, UPPER, DOWN, A HEAD, OPPOSITE.

USE OF "IN"

1) To describe the state of an object within a given space.

(निश्चित स्थान के अंदर किसी वस्तु की अवस्था को बताने के लिए)

Examples

• She is in the kitchen.
• (In the school, in the hall, in a train.)

2) With Large Towns and Countries.

(बड़े -बड़े नगरो, शहरो और देशो के साथ )

Examples

• He is in America these days.
• I live in Delhi.

3) Cost of costumes.

(वेशभूषा की और संकेत करते हुए )

Examples

• The P.M. was in khadi.
• She is in black suit.
• He was in a joker costume.

4) To Show Occupation and Activity.

(व्यवसाय और क्रिया को दर्शाने के लिए )

Examples

• He was busy in playing tennis.
• We had a long talk in the morning.
• They all are busy in making money.

5) To describe IN TIME 

(समय में वर्णन करने के लिए)

Examples

• Try to do everything in time.
• She always comes here in time.

6) Before Morning & Evening.

(सुबह और शाम के पश्चात / बाद मे)

• I get up early in the morning.
• I go to park in the evening.

USE OF "AT"

1)) For a certain time and situation.

(निश्चित समय और स्थिति के लिए)

Examples

• Our school starts at 7 am.
• They will be at home this time.

2) With village, suburb or colony

(गाँव, उपनगर या कालोनी के साथ)

Examples

• She lives at Punjabi bagh.
• They work at mundka.

3) With that big town, where to get a while.

(उस बड़े नगर के साथ जहाँ कुछ समय के लिए ठेरना हो)

Examples

• On my way to Jaipur, I shall stay at Gujarat.
• When I was coming to Delhi, I took lunch at Noida.

4) To tell Rate.

(Rate बताने के लिए)

Examples

• Ghee is selling at Six hundred fifty rupees a litre.
• Apple are selling at hundred rupees a kilo.

5) Before any particular house, place or residence

(किसी विशेष house, place या residence से पहले)

Examples

• She met me at a party.
• They live at 10/14 Panjabi bagh.

6) Before "the beginning" or "the end"

(शुरुआत और अंत से पहले )

Examples

• The chief guest hoisted the flag at the beginning of the function.
• You can find vocabulary at the end of each chapter of this book.

7) Before festivals.

(त्यौहारों से पहले)

Examples

• I shall stay with you at Christmas.
• We shall white wash our house at Diwali.

8) With noon and night.

(Noon, Night के साथ)

Examples

• When do you go to bed at night?
• We return home at noon.

USE OF "INTO"

1) In the state of going inside (dynamic)

(बाहर से अंदर जाने की अवस्था मे (गतिशील )

Examples

• I got into the bus at the last movement.
• She fell into the well.
• Pour some more milk into my glass.

2) For the change

(रूप परिवर्तन के लिए )

Examples

• Translate these sentence into Bengali.
• A kind heart girl changed into a devil.
• Milk changed into Curd.
• Water turns into vapour at 100°C

USE OF "TO"

1) To move from one place to another. 

(एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर जाने के लिए )

Examples

• I go to school daily.
• They came to my house yesterday.

2) To indicate time or range.

(समय या सीमा बताने के लिए)

Examples

• It's ten to twenty.
• It is five minutes to three.
• Sweet shop opens from 9a.m to 9p.m.

3) Before the Infinite verb.

(Infinite verb से पहले)

Examples

• I want to do this.
• She wants to buy a new suit.

4) To Comparison

(तुलना करने के लिए)

Examples

• She is senior to me.
• India won by five goals to one.

5) To express feelings.

(भावनाएं दर्शाने के लिए)

Examples

• He is very cruel to me.
• My mother is very helpful to me.

6) To show results.

(परिणाम दर्शाने के लिए)

Examples

• My letter torn to pieces.
• He was sent to jail.

7) To tell goals/ Destination 

(लक्ष्य बताने के लिए)

Examples

• She is going to the airport.
• They go to school daily.

8) Use for

(के लिए के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• He is running to win.
• I am going to play cricket.

USE OF "ON"

1) For the above situation when both are in contact.

(ऊपर की स्तिथि के लिए जब दोनों सम्पर्क मे हो )

Examples

• I am on my bed.
• The book is laying on the table.
• We sleep on the roof.

2) With Day and Date.

(Day और Date के साथ)

Examples

• We shall come back here on Monday.
• India became free on 15th August 1947.

3) To show Direction.

(दिशा बताने के सन्दर्भ मे)

Examples

• The window of my house opens on the road.
• Please put these books on this side.

4) To clarify the state of an object or to indicate dependency.

(किसी वस्तु की स्तिथि को स्पष्ट करने या निर्भरता को दर्शाने के लिए)

• Cows, goats, bulls etc. Live on grass.
• I am writing a book on English grammar.
• I have read a book on translation.

5) When an article or passive adjective comes before the means of transport, on is used before it.

(जब यातायात के साधन के पहले कोई article या passive adjective आता हैँ तो उसके पहले on का प्रयोग किया जाता हैँ)

Examples

• I saw him on a new scooter.
• They were going on their car.
• 
  
• On a cycle /bus /train /aeroplane /ship etc.

 

USE OF "UPON"

1) To show the above position but in the state of motion.

(ऊपर की स्तिथि को दर्शाने के लिए परन्तु गति की अवस्था मे)

Examples 

• A Bird fell upon his head.
• The cat sprang upon the rat.

2) Come to mind.

(अचानक से दिमाग़ मे कुछ आना)

Examples 

• He hit upon a nice plan.
• How this thought came upon your mind.

USE OF "BY"

1) By any person or object.

(किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के द्वारा)

Examples

• The thiefs were caught by the police.
• We go to school by bus.
• Tea has been taken by the guest.
• Apples are sold by the kilogram.
• It is all done by me.

(Note : use in passive voice.)

2) With the clock.

(घड़ी के साथ)

Examples

• What is the time by your watch?
• It's ten by my watch.

3) To Indicate near things.

(निकट के लिए / चीजों के पास होने का संकेत देना)

Examples

• He is sitting by me.
• I saw, you were sitting by her.

4) To reveal the final limit of time.

(समय की अंतिम सीमा को प्रकट करने के लिए)

Examples

• You have to finish this work by 6 p.m.
• He will return home by 05:30 this evening.

5) To reveal an action.

(किसी क्रिया को प्रकट करने के लिए)

Examples

• he caught me by the collar.
• Rahul caught him by the neck.

6) Meaning of measurement, quantity, rate, medium or way etc.

(नाप-तौल, मात्रा, दर, माध्यम, तरीका आदि के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• Cloth is sold by the metre.
• I bought Oranges by the dozen.
• The price of sugar increased by RS.  3 a kilo.
• Apples are sold by the kilogram.
• These labours are paid by the day.
• Send it to the address by post.

7) In the meaning of During before 'Night' or 'Day'.

(दौरान के अर्थ मे 'night' या 'day' से पहले)

Examples

• The sun shines by day.
• The moon and stars shine by night.

(Here it's clarified that the sun shines during the day, and the moon & stars shine during the night.)

यहाँ यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि सूर्य दिन के दौरान चमकता है, और रात में चंद्रमा और तारे चमकते हैं

USE OF "WITH"

1) To be with something.

(किसी वस्तु/ प्राणी के साथ होने का बोध हो)

Examples

• I will go with you.
• The soldiers fought with courage.
• You are busy with your business.
• My brother is familiar with some persons of this trade.

2) When there is work done with the help of an inanimate object, then use 'With'.

(जब किसी निर्जीव वस्तु की सहायता से कोई काम किया जाता हैँ, तब 'with' का प्रयोग करते हैँ )

Examples

• I wrote this letter with a pen.
• She cut the vegetables with a knife.
• The robbers stabbed the family with knives.

USE OF "OF"

1) To reveal the relationship.

(संबंध को प्रकट करने के लिए)

Examples

• I am the principal of this school.
• We have read the novel of R. N. Tagore.

2) In relation to dying from a disease / being named sickness.

(किसी बीमारी से मरने के सम्बन्ध मे / बीमारी का नाम दिये रहने पर)

Examples 

• She died of cancer.
• The patient died of typhoid.

USE OF "OFF"

1) To reveal top to bottom ACTION.

(ऊपर से नीचे के ACTION को प्रकट करने के लिए)

Examples

• The rider fell off the horse.
• He fell off the tree.

2) To separate the connection.

(जुड़े हुए सम्बन्ध को अलग करने के लिए)

Examples

• Switch off the light.
• Mohan put off his hat.
• A button of my shirt has come off.

USE OF "FROM"

1) In the sense of a place.

(किसी स्थान से के अर्थ में)

Examples

• She came back from Chandigarh.
• My family is coming from Delhi.

2) To reveal the source.

(स्त्रोत को प्रकट करने के लिए)

Examples

• Light comes from the sun.
• She has taken all the books from me.

3) With point of time.

(समय के साथ)

Examples

• He plays from down to dusk.
• Learn table from 2 to 20.

USE OF "SINCE"

1) PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE WITH DEFINITE TIME.

(Perfect continuous tense मे निश्चित समय के साथ)

Examples

• I have known him since 1975.
• They have Been waiting for you since 6 p.m.
• I have Been doing this work since morning.

2) Since then, since, because of the meanings.

(तब से, पहले से, जब से, क्योकि के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• Since then he has been playing here.
• I am not going there since he is going.

USE OF "FOR"

1) In the sense of doing something.

(के लिए के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• I have brought it for you.
• They will be here for one week.
• We go to shimla for one month every year.

2) With period if time.

(समय की अवधि के लिए )

Examples

• You have been reading this book for 2 hours.
• He has Been living in Delhi for ten years.
• They have been absent from the class for a week.

USE OF "AFTER"  

1) Later /After meaning.

 ( के बाद के अर्थ मे )

Examples

• They have come after one month.
• She comes home after 10 A. M.

2) To clear the Order.

(क्रम को स्पष्ट करने के लिए)

Examples

• The dog run after the cat.
• His face is after his father.

USE OF "BEFORE"

1) Before / front / further meaning. 

(से पहले /सामने /आगे के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• I will come back before sunset.
• We had reached school before the bell rang.
• I will return your money before Sunday.

USE OF "BEHIND"

1) To describe Back statement.

(के पीछे / पीठ पीछे / पीठ पर के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• The train is behind time.
• What is happening here behind me?
• He hit behind me.
• The man is behind the cloud.

USE OF "TOWORDS"

1) In the meaning of side.

(की ओर / की तरफ / के प्रति के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• They are coming towards me.
• She just went towards the temple.
• The thief ran towards the Forest.
•  look towards me.

USE OF "ABOVE"

1) Up position.

(ऊपर की स्तिथि के लिए)

Examples

• Keep your head above water.
• Mosquitoes are hovering above the ground.

2) To Describe level.

(स्तर बताने के लिए)

Examples

• I know, your Income is above 30000 rupees.
• This building is 500 meter above the ground.

USE OF "OVER"

1) Up position.{When the object above has no contact with the object below}

(के ऊपर के अर्थ मे) {जब ऊपर वाली वस्तु का नीचे वाली वस्तु के साथ कोई सम्पर्क ना हो}

Examples

• He had a cut over his left eye.
• There was a beautiful scenery over the door.

USE OF "BELOW"

1) Downwards, in hell, down in verse.

(नीचे की ओर, नरक मे, पद मे नीचे)

Examples

• His income is below rs. 20000/- per month.
• She is looking below the sink.
• This type of work is below my standard.

USE OF "BENEATH"

1) Below, downwards, in the context of very hatred.

(नीचे, नीचे की ओर,अति घृणा के सन्दर्भ मे)

Examples

• It is very beneath.
• She is going beneath form the mountain.
• He is as beneath as no one will be.

USE OF "BETWEEN"

1) Middle of two things.

'के बीच' के अर्थ मे ( दो के मध्य )

Examples

• There is no secret between both of us.
• There is no difference between you and me.
• Tell me, what is between you and her?
• Devide these apples between the two sisters.

USE OF "AMONG"

1) Middle more the two things.

(दो से अधिक के मध्य)

Examples

• He is the best boy among them.
• Divide the cake among the children.
• Divide these sweet among fifty boys.

USE OF "AMONGST"

1) To surround form everywhere.

(चारों ओर से घेरने के अर्थ मे)

Examples

• Shimla is amongst the mountain.
• He was beaten amongst.

2) If the first letter of the pronoun is an vowel (eg -us. Our. Etc.) in an objective case that makes sense of more than two persons / objects, then we use Amongst, not Among.

यदि दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों /वस्तुओ का बोध कराने वाले किसी objective case मे pronoun का पहला अक्षर कोई vowel हो (जैसे -us. Our. Etc.) तब हम among का प्रयोग नहीं करके amongst का प्रयोग करते हैँ |

Examples

• Distribute the sweets amongst us.

USE OF "BESIDE"

1) Near by.

(के निकट / बगल मे.)

Examples

• She was sitting beside me.
• I am standing beside a shop.
• The baby is sleeping beside it's mother.
• There is a temple beside my house.

USE OF "BESIDES"

1) Other than.

(ओर भी/ के आलावा /के सिवाय)

Examples

• Besides sumit all the boy will play.
• Besides English, I can speak other languages.
• I have seen everything in india besides taj mahel.

USE OF "TILL"

1) To Indicate present's unfinished work situation /Last deadline.

वर्तमान की अपूर्ण कार्य स्थिति / अंतिम समय सीमा को इंगित करने के लिए (तक के अर्थ मे / अब तक/ तब तक )

Examples

• It will not see me till it comes very near.
• The event doesn't start till tomorrow.
• We waited till 10 o'clock.

USE OF "WITHIN"

1) In a period not longer than a particular length of time.

(समयावधि की सीमा के अंदर)

Examples

• I’ll be back within an hour.
• Come back within ten minutes.

2) Not further than a particular distance from something.

(किसी स्‍थान आदि से विशेष दूरी के भीतर या अंदर)

Example

• The house is within a kilometre of the station.

3) Not outside the limits of somebody/something.

(किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु की सीमा के अंदर या भीतर)

Example

• Each department must keep within its budget.

4) Inside somebody/something.

(व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के भीतर)

Example

• The anger was still there deep within him.

USE OF "DURING"

1) Within the period of time mentioned.

(के दौरान, की अवधि तक, निर्दिष्ट कालावधि में)

Examples

• We lost power during the rainstorm.
• During the interview, they asked about my previous jobs.

USE OF "ABOUT"

1) On the subject of

(के विषय में, के बारे में, के संबंध में)

Examples 

• Let’s talk about something else.
• He told me all about his family.

2) In many directions or places; in different parts of something.

(विभिन्‍न दिशाओं और स्‍थानों पर; इधर-उधर; यहाँ-वहाँ; किसी वस्‍तु के विभिन्‍न भागों में)

Examples

• We wandered about the town for an hour or two.
• Lots of old newspapers were scattered about the room.

3) In the character of somebody/something.

(किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के स्‍वभाव में)

Example

• There’s something about her that I don’t quite trust.

USE OF "AROUND"

1. In or to various places or directions.

(विभिन्‍न दिशाओं में चारों ओर, इधर-उधर)

Example

• They wandered around the town, looking at the shops.

2. Moving so as to face in the opposite direction.

(विपरीत दिशा में घूम जाने के अर्थ में प्रयुक्त)

Example

• Turn around and go back the way you came.

3. On all sides; forming a circle.

(चारों ओर; घेरा बनाते हुए)

Examples 

• The park has a wall all around.
• We sat down around the table.

4. Near a place.

(के) आस-पास

Example

• Is there a hospital around here?

5. Present or available.

(पर) होना; उपस्थित या उपलब्‍ध)

Example

• I went to the house but there was nobody around.

6. Approximately.

(लगभग; क़रीब-क़रीब)

Example

• I’ll see you around seven.

7. Used for activities with no real purpose.

(निरर्थक गतिविधियों के संकेत के लिए प्रयुक्त)

Example

• ‘What are you doing?’ ‘Nothing, just lazing around.’

USE OF "ALONG"

1. From one end to or towards the other end of something.

(के साथ-साथ, एक सिरे से दूसरे सिरे तक या की ओर)

Example

• I walked slowly along the road.

2. On or beside something long.

(के समानांतर, के किनारे)

Example

• Wild flowers grew along both sides of the river.

3. Forward

(आगे, के साथ-साथ)

Example

• We moved along slowly with the crowd.

4.  With somebody. {INFORMAL}

(साथ)

Example

• We’re going for a walk. Why don’t you come along too?

USE OF"AGAINST"

1. Being an opponent to somebody/something in a game, competition, etc., or an enemy of somebody/something in a war or fight.

(के विरुद्घ (खेल आदि में) या (युद्ध में) शत्रु)

Example

• We played football against a school from another district.

2. Not agreeing with or supporting somebody/something.

(से असहमत, के पक्ष में न होना)

Example

• Are you for or against the plan?

3. In the opposite direction to something.

(विपरीत दिशा में)

Example

• We had to cycle against the wind.

USE OF "ACROSS"

1. From one side of something to the other.

(एक ओर से दूसरी ओर; आर-पार)

Examples

• He walked across the field.
• A smile spread across his face.
• The river was about 10 metres across.

2. On the other side of something.

(दूसरी तरफ़, उस ओर)

Example

• There’s a bank just across the road.

USE OF "THROUGH"

1. From one end or side of something to the other.

(किसी वस्‍तु के) इस पार से उस पार; आर-पार

Examples 

• To look through a telescope.
• She cut through the rope.
• To push through a crowd of people to push through a crowd of people

2. From the beginning to the end of something.

(किसी के) आरंभ से अंत तक

Examples

• Food supplies will not last through the winter.
• We’re halfway through the book.

3. Past a limit, stage or test.

(किसी रोक, दशा या परीक्षा के पार या उसमें सफल)

Example

 

• She didn’t get through the first interview.

4. Because of; with the help of

(के कारण; की सहायता से)

• Errors were made through bad organization.
• He got the job through his uncle.

5. Until, and including.

(से लेकर... तक)

Example

• They are staying Monday through Friday.

6. Connected by telephone.

(टेलीफ़ोन द्वारा संपर्क में)

Example

• Can you put me through to extension 676, please?

USE OF "NEAR BY"

1. Not far away in distance.

(स्‍थान की दृष्टि से) अधिक दूर नहीं, निकट-स्थित

Examples

• A new restaurant has opened nearby.
• We went out to a nearby restaurant.

USE OF "EXCEPT"

1 Not including somebody/something; apart from the fact that.

(को छोड़कर; इसके सिवा)

Example

• The museum is open every day except Mondays.

USE OF "WITHOUT"

1. Not having or showing something.

(किसी वस्‍तु) के बिना, के बग़ैर

Examples 

• Don’t go out without a coat on.
• He spoke without much enthusiasm.

USE OF "IN FRONT" 

1. further forward than somebody/something; ahead.

किसी से और आगे; आगे

in front of ( के सामने)

Examples

• He stood in front of the door.
• Some of the children ran in front.

USE OF "AHEAD OF"

1. In front of or before.

(से आगे)

Example 

• The company is working hard to stay one step ahead of the competition.
• The polls show that he is ahead of the other candidates.