What is a Pronoun? Defination, Types and Examples in Hindi.

What is the Pronoun?

A Pronoun is used in place of a specific noun mentioned earlier in a sentence so that you don’t have to keep saying/writing that particular noun.

In other words : Used in place of 'Noun'.

(एक सर्वनाम का उपयोग एक संज्ञा के स्थान पर किया जाता है ताकि आपको दुबारा उस संज्ञा को कहना / लिखना न पड़े)

Example:

Muskan is a good girl. She gets up early in the morning. (Here, you don’t have to mention ‘muskan’ again)

{मुस्कान एक अच्छी लड़की है। वह सुबह जल्दी उठती है। (यहां, आपको "मुस्कान"का फिर से उल्लेख नहीं करना है}

Types of Pronoun:

1. Subject Pronouns
2. Object Pronouns
3. Possessive Pronouns
4. Reflexive Pronouns
5. Intensive Pronouns
6. Relative Pronouns
7. Demonstrative Pronouns
8. Interrogative Pronouns.

1. Subject Pronouns : 

Subject pronouns work as the subject of the verb in a sentence. A subject pronoun normally replaces the subject/object (a noun) of the previous sentence.

(Subject pronouns एक वाक्य में क्रिया के विषय के रूप में काम करते हैं। यह subject pronouns सामान्य रूप से पिछले वाक्य के विषय/वस्तु (एक संज्ञा) को बदल देता है)

Examples :

• Ravi can’t attend the party. He has gone to his grandparents.
• Savita is a good storyteller. She told a ghost story that scared everyone.
• Kiran made some cakes. She looks tasty. (Here, the subject pronoun replaced the object of the previous sentence)

2. Object Pronouns: Object pronouns work as the object or indirect object in a sentence replacing the antecedent object. This form of the pronoun is also used after prepositions.

(Object pronouns, Object के रूप में काम करते हैं, सर्वनाम के इस रूप का उपयोग prepositions के बाद भी किया जाता है)

Examples :

• I’ll give you a present on your birthday. I have a great idea for you (after preposition)
• Tell her that you’ll take the job.
• I have a gift for your boss. Give it to your boss. (Here, ‘it’works as an object)

3. Possessive Pronouns: 

Possessive pronouns replace the nouns of the possessive adjectives: my, our, your, her, his, their. The possessive pronouns are mine, ours, yours, hers, his, its, theirs. The pronoun ‘who’ also has a possessive form, whose.

(Possessive pronouns,अधिकार को बताते है जैसे  मेरा, हमारा, तुम्हारा, उसका, उनका, इत्यादि )

Examples :

• I thought my bag was lost, but the one Kesrick found was mine. (Here, ‘mine’ refers to ‘my bag’)
• Their vacation will start next week. Ours is tomorrow. (Here, ‘ours’ refers to ‘our vacation’)
• Those four suitcases are ours.
• Is this yours?

You have to take either her car or theirs. Hers is better than theirs. (Here, ‘her’ is possessive adjective and ‘hers’ and ‘theirs’ are possessive pronouns which replaced ‘her car’ and ‘their car’)

4. Reflexive Pronouns:

Reflexive pronoun redirects a sentence or a clause back to the subject, which is also the direct object of that sentence. A reflexive pronoun comes when the subject performs its action upon itself. Here, ‘itself’ is a reflexive pronoun.

( Reflexive pronoun, जब subject स्वयं ही अपनी क्रिया करता है)

Examples :

• Since she is her own boss, she gave herself a raise. (Here, ‘herself’ is the direct object of the clause and the same person is the subject)
• She allowed herself more time to get ready.
• The computer restarts itself every night.
• We told ourselves that we were so lucky to be alive.

5. Intensive Pronouns:

Intensive pronouns add emphasis/importance but do not act as the object in the sentence. They can appear right after the subject.

(Intensive pronouns, वाक्य में महत्व को जोड़ते है लेकिन वाक्य में object के रूप में कार्य नही करते है, वे subject के ठीक बाद दिखाई दे सकते हैं)

Examples :

• I will do it myself. (Here, ‘myself’ is not an object)
• I myself saw the missing boat into the harbor.
• We intend to do all the work ourselves.
• You yourselves are responsible for this mess.

6. Relative Pronouns:

Relative pronouns introduce the relative clause. They are used to make clear what is being talked about in a sentence. They describe something more about the subject or the object.

(Relative pronouns, सापेक्ष खण्ड का परिचय देते हैं। उनका उपयोग यह स्पष्ट करने के लिए किया जाता है कि एक वाक्य में किस बारे में बात की जा रही है। वे subject या object के बारे में वर्णन करते हैं)

The relative pronouns are:

Subject   Object            Possession

Which    Which             Whose 
That        That                  
Who        Whom            Whose

Uncertainty 

Whichever (for things)

... (For both things and people )

Whoever /whomever.. (For person )

Examples :

• The car that was stolen was the one they loved most.
• A person who loves nature is a good person.
• Our school, which was founded in 1995, is being renovated.
• I will accept whichever party dress you buy me on Christmas Day.
• Whoever you are behind this great initiative, I want to thank you.

7. Demonstrative pronouns 

Demonstrative pronouns normally indicate the closeness of or distance from the speaker, either literally or symbolically. This, these, that, and those are the demonstrative pronouns. 

Sometimes neither, none and such are also used as demonstrative pronouns.

(Demonstrative pronouns, सामान्य रूप से, कहने वाले की निकटता या दूरी को दर्शाता है, जैसे यह, ये , वो, और वे)

Examples :

• That is a long way to go. 
• This is my car.
• Hand me that cricket bat. 
• Neither is permitted to enter the building.
• Such are ways of life.

8. Interrogative pronouns :

Interrogative pronouns produce questions. They are what, which, who, whom, and whose.

(प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम प्रश्न उत्पन्न करते हैं। वे क्या हैं, कौन, कौन, किसके, और किसके संबंधित है)

Examples :

• What was the name of your dog?
• Which is your favorite movieExamples orks for you?
• Whom do you prefer in this competition?
• There’s a new bike on the lawn. Whose is it?

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